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This paper explores interaction designs for generative AI interfaces that necessitate human involvement throughout the generation process. We argue that such interfaces can promote cognitive engagement, agency, and thoughtful decision-making. Through a case study in text revision, we present and analyze two interaction techniques: (1) using a predictive-text interaction to type the assistant's response to a revision request, and (2) highlighting potential edit opportunities in a document. Our implementations demonstrate how these approaches reveal the landscape of writing possibilities and enable fine-grained control. We discuss implications for human-AI writing partnerships and future interaction design directions. 

Writing well requires not only expressing ideas but also refining them through revision, a process facilitated by reflection. Prior research suggests that feedback delivered through dialogues, such as those in writing center tutoring sessions, can help writers reflect more thoughtfully on their work compared to static feedback. Recent advancements in multi-modal large language models (LLMs) now offer new possibilities for supporting interactive and expressive voice-based reflection in writing. In particular, we propose that LLM-generated static feedback can be repurposed as conversation starters, allowing writers to seek clarification, request examples, and ask follow-up questions, thereby fostering deeper reflection on their writing. We argue that voice-based interaction can naturally facilitate this conversational exchange, encouraging writers' engagement with higher-order concerns, facilitating iterative refinement of their reflections, and reduce cognitive load compared to text-based interactions. To investigate these effects, we propose a formative study exploring how text vs. voice input influence writers' reflection and subsequent revisions. Findings from this study will inform the design of intelligent and interactive writing tools, offering insights into how voice-based interactions with LLM-powered conversational agents can support reflection and revision. 

Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are secondary oxylipins produced by some diatoms. PUAs are produced at a greater rate when diatom cells are damaged, suggesting that they may act as chemical grazing deterrents. Past studies showed the deleterious effects of particulate PUAs on diatom consumers like copepods and marine invertebrates. However, to date, very few studies have explored the potential for diatom-derived PUAs to affect marine vertebrates, such as forage fishes. Forage fishes are a foundational functional group in marine ecosystems whose early life history stages are often sympatric with diatoms due to their nearshore spawning behavior and planktivorous diet. In this study, I addressed the question of whether PUAs detrimentally affect a common Salish Sea forage fish, the surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus; Girard 1854). The project focused on determining whether PUAs affect the development and physiology of surf smelt embryos and larvae. This was done by measuring survival and hatch success rates, embryonic heart rates, usage of endogenous energy reserves, and morphological features at hatch. Higher concentrations of PUAs resulted in higher mortality and lower hatch success rates of embryonic surf smelt. Embryonic heart rates were equivalent among treatments when embryos were exposed to PUAs soon after fertilization, suggesting that surf smelt embryos can acclimate to PUAs if exposed during early development. However, higher concentrations of PUAs significantly lowered the heart rates of embryos that were exposed to PUAs days after fertilization. Exposure to PUAs diminished the consumption rate of endogenous energy reserves, and the overall size of surf smelt at hatch was reduced. Our results indicate that exposure to dissolved PUAs could impair the fitness of ecologically foundational forage fish early life history stages. Negative effects that manifest into low adult population sizes will have cascading effects on marine ecosystems.